Tyrant - tyrannous - Revision history

PeterWilson at 18:36, 24 August 2015

2015-08-24T18:36:49Z

DavidWalker at 19:51, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T19:51:17Z

PeterWilson at 16:25, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T16:25:05Z

PeterWilson at 16:12, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T16:12:01Z

PeterWilson at 16:10, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T16:10:45Z

PeterWilson at 13:31, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T13:31:34Z

PeterWilson at 13:29, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T13:29:57Z

PeterWilson at 13:16, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T13:16:52Z

PeterWilson at 13:06, 6 December 2009

2009-12-06T13:06:42Z

PeterWilson at 20:02, 5 December 2009

2009-12-05T20:02:44Z

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 The [[noun]] '''tyrant''' and its related [[adjective]] '''tyrannous''' look the same and share their origin and meaning - but they are pronounced differently.
-*The [[noun]] 'a '''tyrant'''<nowiki>'</nowiki> has a first vowel like that of 'tire', 'line' and 'sign': 'TIRE-ant', {{IPA|ËˆtaÉª rÉ™nt}}.
+*The [[noun]] 'a '''tyrant'''<nowiki>'</nowiki> has a first vowel like that of 'tire', 'line' and 'sign': 'TIRE-ant', {{IPA|ˈtaɪr ənt}}.
-*In the [[adjective]] '''tyrannous''', the first vowel is like that in 'sit', 'fit' and 'bit': 'TIRR-en-es', {{IPA|tÉªr É™n É™s}}. The same is true of other words derived from '''tyrant''':
+*In the [[adjective]] '''tyrannous''', the first vowel is like that in 'sit', 'fit' and 'bit': 'TIRR-en-es', {{IPA|ˈtɪr ən əs}}. The same is true of other words derived from '''tyrant''':
-**'''tyrannical''', an [[adjective]] meaning 'in the manner of a tyrant';
+**'''tyrannical''', (pronounced with the stress on the second syllable which has a vowel liked that of 'hat' and 'Anne', {{IPA|tɪr ˈæn ɪk əl}}) is an [[adjective]] meaning 'in the manner of a tyrant';
-**'''tyrannize''', a [[verb]] meaning 'to behave like a tyrant', and in particular 'to rule harshly '''over'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>; and
+**'''tyrannize''', (pronounced {{IPA|ˈtɪr ən aɪz}})a [[verb]] meaning 'to behave like a tyrant', and in particular 'to rule harshly '''over'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>; and
-**'''tyranny''', an [[abstract noun]] meaning 'the rule of a tyrant', 'bullying behaviour typical of a tyrant', or in the most general and least emotional sense, 'the form of government characterised by an autocratic ruler'.
+**'''tyranny''', an [[abstract noun]] (pronounced {{IPA|ˈtɪr ən ɪ}}) meaning 'the rule of a tyrant', 'bullying behaviour typical of a tyrant', or in the most general and least emotional sense, 'the form of government characterised by an autocratic ruler'.
-**'''tyrannicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The Tyrannicide Brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
+**'''tyrannicide''' [[abstract noun]] (pronounced with the stress on the second syllable, {{IPA|tɪr ˈæn ɪ saɪd}}), a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The Tyrannicide Brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
-**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in earlier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are represented by the Greek ''anax''.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
+**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usually called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in earlier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are represented by the Greek ''anax''.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
-***7th century BCE, when (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Î¹ - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the good of the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
+***7th century BCE, when (τὑραννοι - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the good of the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
-***Until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ï‚ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipous '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
+***Until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (τὑραννος‚ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipous '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by its [[Latin]] name, ''Oedipus Rex''.)
 ***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. For example, Aristotle in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (''basileia''), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (''turannis''), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 **'''tyrannicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The Tyrannicide Brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
-**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eos''.  (It may be better in ealrier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileos'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are represented by the Greek 'anax'.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
+**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in earlier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are represented by the Greek ''anax''.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
-***7th century BCE, when (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Î¹ - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
+***7th century BCE, when (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Î¹ - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the good of the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
-***Until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ïƒ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipos '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
+***Until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ï‚ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipous '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
-***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. For example, Aristotle in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (basileia), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (turannis), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.
+***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. For example, Aristotle in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (''basileia''), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (''turannis''), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.
 '''Tyrant''' (and its [[derivative]]s) now have only negative [[connotation]]s. ''[[OED]]'' has as meaning '''3. '''"A king or ruler who exercises his power in an oppressive, unjust, or cruel manner; a despot"; and as '''4.''': "Any one who exercises power or authority oppressively, despotically, or cruelly; one who treats those under his control tyrannically."

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 **'''tyrannicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The Tyrannicide Brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
-**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in ealrier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are rpresented by the Greek 'anax'.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
+**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eos''.  (It may be better in ealrier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileos'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are represented by the Greek 'anax'.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
 ***7th century BCE, when (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Î¹ - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
-***So, until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ïƒ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipus '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
+***Until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ïƒ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipos '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
-***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. Aristotle, e.g., in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (basileia), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and is one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (turannis), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and is one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution.
+***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. For example, Aristotle in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (basileia), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (turannis), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.
-***From the sixth century BCE, democracy began to appear in the Greek city-states, and '''tyrant''' began to acquire negative [[connotation]]s. [[Aristotle]], for example, in his classification of types of constitution in ''Politics'' (III 7) contrasts 'kingship' (''[[basil-|basil]]eia''), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and is one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (''turannis''), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and is one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 **'''tyrannize''', a [[verb]] meaning 'to behave like a tyrant', and in particular 'to rule harshly '''over'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>; and
 **'''tyranny''', an [[abstract noun]] meaning 'the rule of a tyrant', 'bullying behaviour typical of a tyrant', or in the most general and least emotional sense, 'the form of government characterised by an autocratic ruler'.
-**'''tyrranicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The tyrannicide brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
+**'''tyrannicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The Tyrannicide Brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
 **'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in ealrier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are rpresented by the Greek 'anax'.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 '''Tyrant''' (and its [[derivative]]s) now have only negative [[connotation]]s.
+{{wip}}

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 **'''tyrranicide''', a [[noun]] meaning the crime of, or a person committing the crime of, killing a tyrant'. (Some republicans regard this action as no crime. ''The tyrannicide brief'', by Geoffrey Robertson, published in 2005 by Chatto & Windus in London, recounts the trials first of [[King Charles#Charles I|Charles I]], in 1649, which led to his execution; and second of the prosecutor, John Cooke in 1660 (after the [[Restoration]]) on a charge of high treason, which led in turn to his execution.)
-**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. It dates back as far as the
+**'''''[[etymology|Etymological]] note''''': The meaning of '''tyrant''' can be confusing. It has certainly changed over time. It is a [[Greek]] word whose general sense is 'an individual exercising the power of government'. Kings in the modern sense (hereditary monarchs) were more usuially called ''[[basil]]eus''.  (It may be better in ealrier texts, such as [[Homer]], to translate ''basileus'' as 'chieftain' or 'prince'; the higher-ranked monarchs, 'High Kings', are rpresented by the Greek 'anax'.) The word '''tyrant''' dates back as far as the
 ***7th century BCE, when (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Î¹ - ''tyrannoi'') were absolute rulers who had usurped power, although by and large for the city-states  over which they ruled. This was the 'Age of the Tyrants' in the 7th and 6th centuries BC.
-***So, until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ïƒ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'.
+***So, until the earlier part of the classical period, the word (Ï„Ï…ÏÎ±Î½Î½Î¿Ïƒ ''turannos'') did not have the negative connotations of our word 'tyrant'. (It is this meaning that can be seen in the original title ''Oedipus '''tyrannos''''' of the [[Sophocles]] tragedy now usually called by [[Latin]] ''Oedipus Rex''.)
 ***Later, with the establishment of democracy in (some of) the Greek cities, the word did begin to acquire negative connotations. Aristotle, e.g., in his classification of types of constitution in Politics III 7 contrasts kingship (basileia), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and is one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (turannis), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and is one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution.
 ***From the sixth century BCE, democracy began to appear in the Greek city-states, and '''tyrant''' began to acquire negative [[connotation]]s. [[Aristotle]], for example, in his classification of types of constitution in ''Politics'' (III 7) contrasts 'kingship' (''[[basil-|basil]]eia''), which he defines as the rule of one person in the common interest and is one of the good types of constitution, with 'tyranny' (''turannis''), which he defines as the rule of one person in his own interest and is one of the bad or 'deviant' types of constitution. So ''turannis'' for Aristotle clearly has negative connotations - although his definition of ''turannis'' doesn't quite fit our 'tyranny'.